mouse groβ cxcl2  (Elabscience Biotechnology)

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL2 affects macrophage antitumor function and immunotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through calcium signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1695387

Figure Lengend Snippet: ScRNA-seq analysis identified macrophage-specific genes associated with immunotherapy response in ESCC. (A) UMAP plot of single cells from patients with ESCC in GSE203115 cohort. (B) Heatmap of marker genes in each single cell subcluster based on the clustering analysis. (C, D) GO and KEGG analyses of differentially expressed genes in macrophages between the responsive and non-responsive groups. (E) Venn diagram of intersected gene in the indicated three signaling pathways. (F) CXCL2 expression levels on macrophages in the responding and non-responding groups. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; CXCL2, CXC chemokine ligand 2; GO, gene ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection; scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing.

Article Snippet: Once tumors became palpable (approximately 5–7 days post-injection), the mice were randomly divided into groups (5 mice per group) and treated as follows: intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CXCL2 recombinant protein (Cat. HY-P7258; MCE) once every two days, 150 μg anti-PD-1 antibody (Cat. BP0273; BioX Cell) once every three days , or the combination of both.

Techniques: Marker, Single Cell, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing, RNA Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL2 affects macrophage antitumor function and immunotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through calcium signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1695387

Figure Lengend Snippet: High infiltration of CXCL2 + macrophages is positively associated with favorable prognosis in ESCC patients. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence co-staining of CD68 (red) and CXCL2 (green) in ESCC tissues. Scale bar, 20µm (left) and 5µm (right). (B) Pearson correlation analysis of CXCL2 expression level with the infiltration proportion of M1 or M2 macrophage in ESCC. (C) Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS of patients with low or high CXCL2 expression in TCGA cohort. Log-rank test. (D) Kaplan-Meier curve for OS of patients with low or high CXCL2 + macrophage population in our ESCC patient cohort. Log-rank test. (E) Forest plot illustrating the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models for OS in ESCC patients from our own cohort. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; CXCL2, CXC chemokine ligand 2; OS, overall survival; PFS, Progression-free survival; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Article Snippet: Once tumors became palpable (approximately 5–7 days post-injection), the mice were randomly divided into groups (5 mice per group) and treated as follows: intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CXCL2 recombinant protein (Cat. HY-P7258; MCE) once every two days, 150 μg anti-PD-1 antibody (Cat. BP0273; BioX Cell) once every three days , or the combination of both.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL2 affects macrophage antitumor function and immunotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through calcium signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1695387

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL2 regulated the transition of macrophages to an immune-activated state by mediating cytoplasmic calcium influx. (A) Volcano plot of DEGs between DMSO and CXCL2 treatment groups. (B, C) GO and KEGG analysis of DEGs between DMSO and CXCL2 treatment groups. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of fluo‐3AM positive BMDMs following DMSO and CXCL2 treatment groups. (E) qPCR detecting the indicated genes expression levels on BMDMs in DMSO and CXCL2 treatment groups. (F) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression on BMDMs in DMSO and CXCL2 treatment groups. (G) qPCR detecting the indicated genes expression levels on BMDMs in the indicated groups. (H) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression on BMDMs in the indicated groups. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and NS, not significant; Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA test. CXCL2, CXC chemokine ligand 2; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; GO, gene ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages; DEG, differentially expressed gene; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; mRNA, messenger RNA; qPCR, quantitative PCR.

Article Snippet: Once tumors became palpable (approximately 5–7 days post-injection), the mice were randomly divided into groups (5 mice per group) and treated as follows: intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CXCL2 recombinant protein (Cat. HY-P7258; MCE) once every two days, 150 μg anti-PD-1 antibody (Cat. BP0273; BioX Cell) once every three days , or the combination of both.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Derivative Assay, Immunopeptidomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL2 affects macrophage antitumor function and immunotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through calcium signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1695387

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL2 inhibits tumor growth in the mouse ESCC subcutaneous tumor model. (A) Gross appearance of subcutaneous ESCC tumors in each treatment group. (B) Changes in subcutaneous tumor volumes in each group during the experiment. (C, D) Tumor volumes and weights in each group at the end of the experiment. (E, F) Flow cytometry analysis depicting the proportion of CD11b + F4/80 + MHCII + macrophages and CD3 + CD8 + T cells in each group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and NS, not significant; one-way ANOVA test. CXC chemokine ligand 2; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; MHC, major histocompatibility complex.

Article Snippet: Once tumors became palpable (approximately 5–7 days post-injection), the mice were randomly divided into groups (5 mice per group) and treated as follows: intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CXCL2 recombinant protein (Cat. HY-P7258; MCE) once every two days, 150 μg anti-PD-1 antibody (Cat. BP0273; BioX Cell) once every three days , or the combination of both.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Immunopeptidomics

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CXCL2 affects macrophage antitumor function and immunotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through calcium signaling

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1695387

Figure Lengend Snippet: CXCL2 enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in ESCC in vivo . (A) Schematic of the schedule of anti-PD-1 antibody and CXCL2 treatment in AKR cell-derived subcutaneous ESCC mouse models. (B) Changes in subcutaneous tumor volumes in each group during the experiment. (C, D) Tumor volumes and weights in each group at the end of the experiment. (E, F) Flow cytometry analysis depicting the proportion of CD11b + F4/80 + MHCII + macrophages and CD3 + CD8 + T cells in each group. (G) Schematic diagram illustrating the role of CXCL2 in macrophage and the microenvironment immune landscapes of ESCC. Patients with ESCC with immunotherapy responsive typically exhibit a significant infiltration of CXCL2 + macrophages, which facilitate the polarization of macrophages to an immune-activated state through calcium influx, thereby enhancing the cytotoxic function of CD8 + T cells. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and NS, not significant; one-way ANOVA test. ANOVA, analysis of variance; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; CXC chemokine ligand 2; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; IgG, immunoglobulin G; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1.

Article Snippet: Once tumors became palpable (approximately 5–7 days post-injection), the mice were randomly divided into groups (5 mice per group) and treated as follows: intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg CXCL2 recombinant protein (Cat. HY-P7258; MCE) once every two days, 150 μg anti-PD-1 antibody (Cat. BP0273; BioX Cell) once every three days , or the combination of both.

Techniques: In Vivo, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunopeptidomics

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Paclitaxel drives TREM2 + macrophage expansion underlying its inferior therapeutic efficacy compared to Nab-paclitaxel

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69060-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Overlap of GeneCards and EDCODE public databases analyses to predict transcription factors that regulate TREM2. b Western blot analysis of the indicated proteins in BMDMs and Raw264.7 cells incubated with FGF2 (left) and with CM from Py8119 cells treated with PTX (right). The experiment was independently repeated three times with similar results. c Western blot analysis of the indicated proteins in Raw264.7 cells incubated with the indicated treatment. The experiment was independently repeated three times with similar results. d qPCR analysis of Trem2 expression in BMDMs transfected with Egr1 -expressing vectors. n = 3 biological independent samples. e Western blot analysis of TREM2 expression in BMDMs transfected with Egr1 -expressing vectors. The experiment was independently repeated three times with similar results. f Luciferase activity of HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated reporters and EGR1 -expressing or control vectors. n = 3 biological independent samples. g Abundance of EGR1 bound to the TREM2 promoter in BMDMs assessed by ChIP-qPCR. n = 3 biological independent samples. h Schematic of the Transwell assay. The first CM was collected from tumor cells with indicated treatment, and the second CM was collected from macrophages incubated with the first CM. The migration and invasion capabilities of macrophages incubated with the first CM were assessed. Created in BioRender. Xing, Y. (2026) https://BioRender.com/nsp747p i Quantification of migration and invasion of Py8119 cells induced by BMDM CM incubated with CM from Py8119 cells treated with PTX, and BT549, SUM159, and MDA-MB-231 cells induced by THP1 CM incubated with CM from BT549, SUM159, and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PTX (left) or Nab-PTX (right), respectively. n = 5 biological independent samples. j Cytokine array analysis of CM from BMDMs with or without TREM2. k Quantification of migration and invasion of Py8119 cells incubated with indicated proteins. n = 3 biological independent samples. l Quantification of migration and invasion of Py8119 cells induced by CM from BMDMs ( Trem2 +/+ ) with CDE-096. n = 3 biological independent samples. m Western blot analysis of EMT- stimulating proteins in BMDMs incubated with indicated proteins. The experiment was independently repeated three times with similar results. n Schematic illustration showing that FGF2 promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation to upregulate EGR1, which increases TREM2 expression in macrophages. Upregulated TREM2 enhances the secretion of Serpin E1, HGF, CCL3, and CXCL2 from macrophages to tumor cells, facilitating tumor metastasis via EMT. Created in BioRender. Xing, Y. (2026) https://BioRender.com/nsp747p . Data are shown as means ± S.D. and were analyzed by two-sided unpaired Student’s t test ( d, f, i and l ), two-sided one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test ( k ) and two-sided two-way ANOVA followed by Šídák’s test ( g ). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: The Serpin E1 protein (HY- P71133 ), HGF protein (HY- P71133 ), CCL3 protein (HY-P7768AF) and CXCL2 protein (HY-P7258) were purchased from MedChemExpress and used at a concentration of 10 ng/mL.

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation, Expressing, Transfection, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Control, ChIP-qPCR, Transwell Assay, Migration, Phospho-proteomics